Solaris operating system Wikipedia.Solaris is a Unixoperating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems.It superseded their earlier Sun.OS in 1. 99. 3. In 2.Sun acquisition by Oracle, it was renamed Oracle Solaris.Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider.Solaris supports SPARC based and x.Oracle and other vendors, with efforts underway to port to additional platforms.Solaris is registered as compliant with the Single UNIX Specification.Historically, Solaris was developed as proprietary software.In June 2. 00. 5, Sun Microsystems released most of the codebase under the CDDL license, and founded the Open.Solarisopen source project.With Open. Solaris, Sun wanted to build a developer and user community around the software.After the acquisition of Sun Microsystems in January 2.Oracle decided to discontinue the Open.Solaris distribution and the development model.In August 2. Cisco UCS Integrated Infrastructure for Big Data and Analytics.The Cisco UCS Integrated Infrastructure for Big Data and Analytics solution is based on Cisco UCS.Oracle has various bundled Java packages available for download Java Standard Edition SE, Java Runtime Environment JRE, Software Development Kit SDK, EE.Oracle discontinued providing public updates to the source code of the Solaris kernel, effectively turning Solaris 1.Following that, in 2.Solaris 1. 1 kernel source codeleaked to Bit.Torrent. 1. 01. However, through the Oracle Technology Network OTN, industry partners can still gain access to the in development Solaris source code.Source code for the open source components of Solaris 1.Oracle. 1. 2On September 2, 2.Simon Phipps reported that Oracle had laid off the Solaris core development staff, interpreting it as sign that Oracle no longer intends to support future development of the platform.HistoryeditIn 1. AT T Corporation and Sun announced that they were collaborating on a project to merge the most popular Unix variants on the market at that time Berkeley Software Distribution, UNIX System V, and Xenix.This became Unix System V Release 4 SVR4.On September 4, 1.Sun announced that it would replace its existing BSD derived Unix, Sun.Shane%20Conder%20and%20Lauren%20Darcey/2012/08/16/Android-linux-openjdk-partial-search_results.png' alt='Install Java Runtime Environment 6 Ubuntu Live Cd' title='Install Java Runtime Environment 6 Ubuntu Live Cd' />OS 4, with one based on SVR4.This was identified internally as Sun.OS 5, but a new marketing name was introduced at the same time Solaris 2.The justification for this new overbrand was that it encompassed not only Sun.OS, but also the Open.Windowsgraphical user interface and Open Network Computing ONC functionality.Although Sun. OS 4.Solaris 1 by Sun, the Solaris name is used almost exclusively to refer only to the releases based on SVR4 derived Sun.OS 5. 0 and later.For releases based on Sun.OS 5, the Sun. OS minor version is included in the Solaris release number.For example, Solaris 2.Sun. OS 5. 4. After Solaris 2.Install Java Runtime Environment 6 Ubuntu Live Cd' title='Install Java Runtime Environment 6 Ubuntu Live Cd' />Ubuntu b n t u uuBUUNtoo, stylized as ubuntu is an open source operating system for computers.It is one of the distribution systems of Linux, and.Early releases of Solaris used OpenWindows as the standard desktop environment.In Solaris 2. 0 to 2.OpenWindows supported both NeWS and X applications, and.Solaris 7 incorporates Sun.OS 5. 7, and the latest release Sun.OS 5. 1. 1 forms the core of Solaris 1.Although Sun. Soft stated in its initial Solaris 2 press release their intent to eventually support both SPARC and x.Solaris 2 releases, 2.SPARC only. An x.Solaris 2. 1 was released in June 1.SPARC version, as a desktop and uniprocessor workgroup server operating system.It included the Wabi emulator to support Windows applications.At the time, Sun also offered the Interactive Unix system that it had acquired from Interactive Systems Corporation.In 1. 99. 4, Sun released Solaris 2.SPARC and x. 86 systems from a unified source code base.Supported architectureseditSolaris uses a common code base for the platforms it supports SPARC and i.Solaris has a reputation for being well suited to symmetric multiprocessing, supporting a large number of CPUs.It has historically been tightly integrated with Suns SPARC hardware including support for 6.SPARC applications since Solaris 7, with which it is marketed as a combined package.This has led to more reliable systems, but at a cost premium compared to commodity PC hardware.However, it has supported x.Solaris 2. 1 and 6.Solaris 1. 0, allowing Sun to capitalize on the availability of commodity 6.CPUs based on the x.Sun has heavily marketed Solaris for use with both its own x.AMDOpteron and Intel.Xeon processors, as well as x.Dell, Hewlett Packard, and IBM.As of 2. 00. 9, the following vendors support Solaris for their x.Dell will test, certify, and optimize Solaris and Open.Solaris on its rack and blade servers and offer them as one of several choices in the overall Dell software menu2.Intel2. 2Hewlett Packard2.Solaris on Pro. Liant server and blade systems.Fujitsu Siemens2.As of July 2. 01.Dell and HP certify and resell Oracle Solaris, Oracle Enterprise Linux and Oracle VM on their respective x.IBM stopped direct support for Solaris on x.Other platformseditSolaris 2.Power. PC platform Power.PC Reference Platform, but the port was canceled before the Solaris 2.In January 2. 00.Blastwave began work on a Power.PC port which they named Polaris.In October 2. 00.Open. Solaris community project based on the Blastwave efforts and Sun Labs Project Pulsar,2.Solaris 2. 5. 1 into Open.Solaris,2. 6 announced its first official source code release. Download Sift Heads Renegade 3 Expansion . A port of Solaris to the Intel Itanium architecture was announced in 1.On November 2. 8, 2.IBM, Sun, and Sine Nomine Associates demonstrated a preview of Open.Solaris for System z running on an IBM System zmainframe under zVM,3.Sirius in analogy to the Polaris project, and also due to the primary developers Australian nationality HMS Sirius of 1.First Fleet to Australia.On October 1. 7, 2.Sirius was made available3.November 1. 9 the same year, IBM authorized the use of Sirius on System z Integrated Facility for Linux IFL processors.Solaris also supports the Linux platform application binary interface ABI, allowing Solaris to run native Linux binaries on x.This feature is called Solaris Containers for Linux Applications SCLA, based on the branded zones functionality introduced in Solaris 1.Installation and usage optionseditSolaris can be installed from various pre packaged software groups, ranging from a minimalistic Reduced Network Support to a complete Entire Plus OEM.Installation of Solaris is not necessary for an individual to use the system.Additional software, like Apache, My.SQL, etc. can be installed as well in a packaged form from sunfreeware3.Open. CSW. 3. 6 Solaris can be installed from physical media or a network for use on a desktop or server, or be used without installing on a desktop or server.Desktop environmentseditEarly releases of Solaris used Open.Windows as the standard desktop environment.In Solaris 2. 0 to 2.Open. Windows supported both Ne.WS and X applications, and provided backward compatibility for Sun.View applications from Suns older desktop environment.Ne. WS allowed applications to be built in an object oriented way using Post.Script, a common printing language released in 1.The X Window System originated from MITs Project Athena in 1.Suns original bundled Sun.View application suite was ported to X.Sun later dropped support for legacy Sun.View applications and Ne.WS with Open. Windows 3.Solaris 2. 3, and switched to X1.R5 with Display Postscript support.The graphical look and feel remained based upon OPEN LOOK.Open. Windows 3. 6.Solaris 8. The OPEN LOOK Window Manager olwm with other OPEN LOOK specific applications were dropped in Solaris 9, but support libraries were still bundled, providing long term binary backwards compatibility with existing applications.The OPEN LOOK Virtual Window Manager olvwm can still be downloaded for Solaris from sunfreeware and works on releases as recent as Solaris 1.Sun and other Unix vendors created an industry alliance to standardize Unix desktops.As a member of the Common Open Software Environment COSE initiative, Sun helped co develop the Common Desktop Environment CDE.This was an initiative to create a standard Unix desktop environment.Each vendor contributed different components Hewlett Packard contributed the window manager, IBM provided the file manager, and Sun provided the e mail and calendar facilities as well as drag and drop support Tool.Talk. This new desktop environment was based upon the Motif look and feel and the old OPEN LOOK desktop environment was considered legacy.CDE unified Unix desktops across multiple open system vendors.CDE was available as an unbundled add on for Solaris 2.Solaris 2. 6 through 1.In 2. 00. 1, Sun issued a preview release of the open source desktop environment GNOME 1.GTK toolkit, for Solaris 8.Solaris 9 80. 3 introduced GNOME 2.Upstart Intro, Cookbook and Best Practises.Throughout this document a fixed width font such as this will be used to.An indented block will be used to denote user input and command output.Indented lines starting with a dollar character are used to.Command output is shown by indented lines not.Indented lines starting with a hash or pound character are.Command output is shown by indented lines not preceded by the.Note that some examples make use of sudo8 to show the command.This latter approach is clearer in the context where a comment is also.An indented block is also used to show examples of job configuration.Quoting from http upstart.Upstart is an event based replacement for the sbininit daemon.The init or system initialisation process on Unix and Linux.ID PID 1. That is to say, it is the first.As the quote shows, Upstart is an init replacement for the.Unix System V init system.Upstart provides the same.Upstart is written using the NIH Utility Library libnih.This. is a very small, efficient and safe library of generic routines.It is. designed for applications that run early in the boot sequence.Reliability and safety is critically important for an.To help ensure reliability and avoid regressions, Upstart and the NIH Utility.Library both come with comprehensive test suites.See Unit Tests for further.Upstart was created due to fundamental limitations in existing systems.Those systems can be categorized into two types System V init system.Dependency based init systems.To understand why Upstart was written and why its revolutionary design.Creating service files is easy with System.V init since they are simply.To enabledisable a service in a particular runlevel, you.This is achieved by init running the scripts pointed to by the symbolic.The relative order in which init invokes these.The traditional sequential boot system was appropriate for the time it.It was designed to be simple and efficient for Administrators to manage.However, this model does not make full use of modern system resources.A common hack used by Administrators is to circumvent the.The fact that this hack is required.In the days of colossal Unix systems with hundreds of concurrent users.Sys. V approach was perfect.If. hardware needed replacing, a system shutdown was scheduled, the shutdown.However, the world has now moved on.From an Ubuntu perspective, a.Modern Linux systems can deal with new hardware devices being added and.The traditional Sys.V init system itself.Most service files are fairly formulaic.For example, they might perform initial checks, such as ensuring no other instance of a daemon is running.The most difficult and time costly operation these services perform is.The LSB specifies helper.The recognition that services often need to make use of other services.System. V init systems.It places a. bigger responsibility on the init system itself and reduces the.The main problem with dependency based init systems is that they.Again, this is due to.Linux systems. For example, if a dependency based init system wished to start say.My. SQL, it would first start all the dependent services that My.SQL. needed. This sounds perfectly reasonable.However, consider how such a system would approach the problem of.Maybe wed like. our system to display some sort of configuration dialogue so the user.This can only be hacked with a.So, your choices are either Do nothing.Corresponds to an inability to handle this scenario.Have a daemon that hangs around polling for new hardware being.Wasteful and inefficient.What you really want is a system that detects such asynchronous events.This can be summarised as Upstart starts a service when its required conditions are met.The service job configuration file only needs to specify the.Dependency based init systems meet a services dependencies before.Each service generally does this using a brute force approach of.Note that the init system itself is not doing the heavy lifting.This summary is worth considering carefully as the distinction between.The other problem with dependency based init systems is that they.It was necessary to outline the limitations of the Sys.V and. dependency based init systems to appreciate why Upstart is special.Upstart is revolutionary as it recognises and was designed.It handles asynchronicity by.This too is revolutionary.Upstart emits events which services can register an interest in.When. an event or combination of events is emitted that satisfies some.Upstart will automatically start or stop that.If multiple jobs have the same start on condition, Upstart.To be manifest Upstart handles.Further, Upstart is being guided by the ultimate arbiter of hardware.In essence, Upstart is an event engine it creates events, handles the.Like the best Unix software, it does this job.It is efficient, fast, flexible and reliable.It makes use. of helper daemons such as the upstart udev bridge and the.This design is sensible and clean the init.Therefore, any functionality which is not considered core.See 3. 5 for further details.Upstart was designed with performance in mind.It makes heavy use of the.NIH Utility Library which is optimised for efficient early boot.Additionally, Upstarts design is lightweight, efficient.At its heart it is an event based messaging system that has.Upstart is designed to.It will only start services when.Upstart is used by Ubuntu for the Ubuntu Desktop and for Ubuntu.Server and as a result of this, it is also used in the Ubuntu.Cloud. Why is Upstart also compelling in a server environment Some say that boot performance is not important on servers, possibly.RAID arrays on line is significantly longer.However, nobody. seriously wants their system to take longer than necessary to boot.Consider also the case for Cloud deployments, which of course run.Here, boot speed is very important as it affects the time.The faster you can deploy new.Its a fact that systems and software are getting more complex.In the. old days of Unix, runlevels encompassed every major mode of operation.However, expectations have.Nowadays, we expect systems to react to problems and maybe.The landscape has changed and Upstart is fully able to accommodate such.Crucially. Upstart is not tied to the rigid runlevel system.Indeed, Upstart has no.And since events are so abstract, they are highly flexible.Added to which, since.Upstarts events are dynamic, the system can be configured for a myriad.The main concepts in Upstart are events and jobs.Understanding the.A unit of work generally either a Task or a Service.Jobs. are defined in a Job configuration file.A Task Job is one which runs a short running process, that is, a.For example, deleting a file could be a Task Job since the command starts.In this book Task Jobs are often referred to as tasks.A Service Job is a long running or daemon3 process.It is the. opposite of a Task Job since a Service Job might never end of its.Examples of Service Jobs are entities such as databases, webservers or.There is one other type of job which has no script sections or exec.Such abstract jobs can still be started and stopped, but will.PID. In fact, starting such a job.Administrator. Abstract jobs exist only within Upstart itself but can.See for example The table below shows all possible Job States and the legal transitions.States are exposed to users via the status field in the.Job State Transitions.Current. State. Goalstartstopwaitingstartingnastartingsecuritystoppingsecuritypre startstoppingpre startspawnedstoppingspawnedpost startstoppingpost startrunningstoppingrunningstoppingpre stop or stopping1.For example, if the job is currently in state starting, and its goal.Note that jobs may change state so quickly that you may not be able to.However, you. will see the transitions if you raise the log priority to debug or.See initctl log priority for details.Details of states waiting initial state.App. Armor security policy loaded see.But it may have no associated PIDpre stop running pre stop section.State transitions diagram for versions of Upstart up to and including.State transitions up to and including Upstart version 1.State transitions diagram for Upstart version 1.State transitions Upstart version 1.To view state transitions Change the log priority to debugtail f your system log filestartstoprestart a job or emit an event.
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